Among various regions, the lowest fertility rates can be observed in Asian societies such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. Multiple factors influence low fertility rates, as fertility decisions are shaped not only by individual choices but also by broader interpersonal, societal, and policy contexts. This thesis adopts a micro-to-macro level framework to investigate factors influencing low fertility rates. Drawing on a range of cross-sectional, retrospective, and longitudinal data, it examines the impact of socioeconomic, attitudinal, and cultural factors on marriage and fertility in South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. Efforts that prioritise individuals’ family aspirations, reduce barriers to an equitable division of labour between partners, and improve equity in family formation appear to be crucial in supporting reproductive choices.

Jolene Tan is a PhD candidate in the School of Demography at the ANU.

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